Congressional Reconstruction

Johnson's Reconstruction

Johnson was the current democratic president of the united states. His reconstruction plan abolished slavery but did not give African Americans rights. He did not want any amendments to give them equal rights to whites. However since the congress was mostly made up of Radicals they impeached him. Even though he was npt removed from office served his remaining time with no real power and the radicals passed the amendments which gave blacks civil rights.

Black Codes

Black codes were lawss that restricted freemens' rights. These codes established virtual slavery with laws such as these: Black men were not allowed to met after sunset. Also freemen who did not work could be fined, whipped or sold for a year's labor.Plus freemen had to sign contracts that lasted a year and if they quit in the middle of their contract they lost the wages they earned. Finally, Blacks were not allowed to rent land or homes except in rural areas.

14&15 Amendments

The congress passed an amendment called the Fourteenth Amendment which said that ALL persons born in the US had rights and no states could deprive them of thesse rights without dew process of law. The fifteen amendment was added much later in the constitution and it stated that no citizen of the US may be denied the right to vote on account og race or color. Both these amendments were passed because of the Radical Republicans, who thought African Americans and Whites should have the same rights and opportunities.

Radical Reconstruction

The radical republicans are a political party that believed that blacks should have true equality. They were very influential and disagreed with the democratic president (Johnson). The radical's goal was to grant African Americans their civil rights. However the current president did not and he urged states to not ratify the 14th amendment that granted the blacks their rights. The north responded by putting many Radical Republicans into Congress, this let them put ther reconstruction plan into action. First made the south into five districts which was each governed by a northern general. Next it let both white AND black men vote. Also it ordered stated to hold new elections for theri state constitutions. It temporarily did not allow those who had supported the Confederacy to vote . Finally it required all citizens to be equal and it ratifies the 14th amendment.

Carpetbagger

This was what the southerners called the northerners who moved to the south after the war. They reffered to them as that because they thought that tehse men came to make profit out of the south's misery. This reffers to a type of cheap suitcases made from carpet scraped. However, historians believe that most men who moved south were honest educated men who were either freemen or union soldiers or freedmen bereau officials.

Scalawags

Scalawags is originally a Scottish word meaning "scrawny cattle". It was used to name white southern republican because they were believed to be taitors. The scalawags usually included Wigs which were opposed to the secession and farmers who resented the planter class. Many southners resented the scalawags, carpetbagger and feedmen's power. They also thought reconstruction legislatures were incometent. But it is believed that thesse officials were no worse than in other regions of the country at that time.

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THE UNITED STATES ENTER A PERIOD OF RECONSTRUCTION

When the war ended, people still suffered from the destruction it had left. The war had destroyed the south’s shipping industry and most of its railroads. It had devoured farms and farm machinery. It had ruined factories, cities and ports. Basically, it had destroyed most of the southern income. The southerners were left with nothing. Most of the plantation owners had worthless confederate money and could not afford to hire workers. Some even had to sell their lands to be able to pay their debts. However poor white smoothers didn’t have land to sell, plus they couldn’t find jobs because of the competition from freedmen. Most had to resort to move to frontier lands.
Lincoln had made a plan called the reconstruction plan to help the south acquire the north’s pardon and to have a say in the union’s government again. This plan stated that any confederate could take an oath of allegiance to the Union and gain the south’s pardon, except if this southerner had killed African American war prisoners. It also permitted each state to write its constitution if it had 10 percent of the voters who had taken the oath. Finally, the plan stated that southern states would resume full participation in the union and its government. However Lincoln’s plan was vetoed and never put into practice. Yet, after his death, his democrat vice president, Andrew Johnson took the presidency and made a new reconstruction plan based on Lincoln’s. Except this construction plan was more forgiving toward the south. Also it required all states to abolish slavery and all slaves to be free.
Although the African American population was free, life was very hard for them. Some African American’s went to search for their families which had been torn apart by white slave sellers, but most could not find them. Others choose to continue working for their former masters. Still, most ventured out to try and find jobs. This task was very hard because most of the slaves were illiterate and the job competition was very hard. Many freemen found themselves homeless, jobless and hungry. Most slaves could not afford to buy land and President Johnson refused to redistribute the land many of the slaves’ ancestors had worked on (the southern lands). Nevertheless, those who could afford land sold it to other freemen to try and help them. Prior to Lincoln’s death the freedmen bureau helped black southerners adjust to freedom by giving them clothing, medical supplies and meals. Also they gave more than 250,000 blacks a formal education. Unfortunately, this agency lacked a strong support in the congress especially after Lincoln’s death. Therefore the agency was dismantled.
The period of reconstruction is very hard on white southerners and especially hard on black freemen because even though they are free they still don’t have the same rights as the white men. The civil war had destroyed so many resources that it was hard for a man to make a living in the south after the war. However, the government tried to aid the south by accepting their forgiveness and not punishing them for their crimes. Still it was hard for many people to gain money in this terrible period of reconstruction.

Effects of the Civil War

Economically

In the south since slaves were free and they were their "tools" that worked in the plantation, the south's agriculture suffered greatly. It is like asking a modern farmer to give up its plwing truck or other useful piece of machinery. Southern farmers had to buy and hire people which cost thetm a lot of money. Furthermore, since the war was fought mainly in the south most of the destroyed land and plantations were found on the south. Since all of this affected the south agriculture and the south relied mostly on their cotton or other produce goods for income, the sconomy of the south suffered as well. However the northern consequences were positive because of their larger population. Not everyone had to fight in the war, many men and especially women stayed and worked on the farms and industries. The economy even grew in some cases because people sold rifles, ammunitions and other things needed in the war.

Socially

One of the major social effects of the war was that slaves became free. This meant a new amendment which basically stated this. Also there wera many deaths and casualties it was a great lost for the americans. However the addition of the free african american meant they had to look for jobs. Sometimes they stayed working for the same person but they were paid instead. However the african americana were still not considered equal to the whites.

Politically

The political effects were that America stood as one country again. The war meant that many amendments were added to the constitution to support the african americans freedom. They were also represented politically. However the amendmentseroded when segregation was legal

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Knowlege from the Video

Slavery
In the south, slaves owners treated their slaves like cattle or goods one has bought. It is very rare that families stayed united. The poor slaves were beaten and mistreated. There were very few rebellions. One notable one was one lead by an leterate slave callednTurner who succeeded in killing many whites with the help of other slaves. This lead to the fact that slaves weren't allowed to be leterate and couls not have meetings without the presence of a white man.
The underground railroad was a link between safe houses until liberty. (usually in Canada) This was developped by Harriett Tubman a legendary abolishionist who made 19 trips to save slaves.
Northern Awareness
In the north since slavery was abolished, people were not aware of the harsh treatment the slaves had to endure. A book called Uncle Tom's Cabin enlightened the Notheners. it said that slavery was against the Christen religion. It was a northern bestseller but southners did not like it at all. They tried to write about how slaved preferred to work in their plantations than to be free. However, these books were not popular.
Documentary
The civil war was awful, it was were americans killed some of their own. Soo many people were slaughtered because of the new inventions of rifles and guns. 2% of the population died during that war. The war devastated land and families. It ade some poeple rich and mostly others poor. Scholars believed this war changed America forever.

Southern vs. Northern Advantages

The North had a lot more advantages during the war than the south. First they had a bigger population which meant more people (men) could join the army and more nurses (women) could take care of the wounded soldiers. Plus the north was much more industrialized which meant there were more factories that could produce the arms necessary to fight in a war. The north government was already established so it was stable plus they had a navy as well as an army. The north was also alot richer than the south and finally it had many more railroads which could easily transport: troops, supplies, and food. The south had some advantages too , maybe not as many as the North but it still had some. First, the military schoold were located in the south so the soldiers had more skill in fighting in the south than in the north. Also, The fight was mostly located on the south so the southners only had to defend themselves not really attack.

Compromise of 1850

The compromise of 1850 constits of many bills which help solve all the problem the union was facing. It started that texas would give the territory to santa Fe but be given 10 million $ instead. Also California would be admitted as a free state and New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona, and Utah would become free states as well. Also it said that the capital (washington D.C) would allow slavery but not slave trade. Finally the last bill was the Fuitive Slave act it stated that all citizens should helpin the recovery of fugitive slaves. This compromise is important in our study of the Civil War because these lead to tension between the North and South especially since the North ere required to help the south enslave poeple.

Kansas Nebraska Act

The Kansas and Nebraska act stated that Kansas and Nebraska were allowed to choose weather they wanted to be a free state or not. Consequently many anti slavery and pro slavery settlers went to Kansas to try and make the vote pro or anti slavery. Everytime the pro slavery won the vote the pro slavery citizens accused them of fraud this went on for a long time until violence erupted. This helped the civil war start because it was the first sign of violence over pro and anti slavery. Especially since they had to cohabit in the same state.

Presidential Election of 1860

In this presidential election President Abraham Lincoln won without any southern vote. This presidential election was very importatnt to the civil war because the southeners became aware that the North was soo big it had elected a leader for the whole nation without one vote from the south this build even more tension and infuriated the North and South. And everyone knew it could have only been resolved with war.

Marriott to open in Morocco

Marriott the american based hotel company is trying to expand their hotels in Africa. They are trying to have 70 hotels in Africa by the end of 2015. They started by trying to build one in Morocco, Algeria and Sub-Saharane Africa by the end of 2012. Its cheif developper thinks that Africa has a lot of potential. After they finished expanding their company in Africa they will start to expand in Asia. Fuller said the financial crisis was over and they think they will make more money by expanding their client range.

Copromise

Killing is a situation where compromise won't work. If an adult kills their punishment is non negotiable, even if it is self defense that person should be punished for taking someone's life. Maybe this person shouldn't be punished severly but they should still suffer some consequences. An example of a non negotiable situation ineconomy and politics is that American companies are not allowed to bribe anyone or anything. This is a good thing because if it was negotiable then people would bribe to have their copanies succeed anf this will be unfair because it won't give a chanve for everone to succeed. Only rich people would succeed in that case.

Perfect Place

When I finish university I would like to live on New York. I loved it there when I visited it. There are so many job opportunities there. Plus I already know the language and customs since I am in an american school and I have all their holydays. Also it is a city that never sleeps and it is beautiful. Unfortunately one of the drawbacks is that it is far away from Morocco and my family.

Moroccan Political Parties

Morocco has had a multi party system since their independence. We can put these political parties in three categories : Left, Right and Center.

Left

Socialist Union of People's Forces
People's Movement (Morocco)

National Popular Movement

Party of the Unified Socialist Left
Front of Democratic Forces
Party of Progress and Socialism
Democratic Union
Democratic and Social Movement
Democratic Socialist Party

Right:

Independence Party
Justice and Development Party
National Rally of Independents
Constitutional Union

Center:

Authenticity and Modernity Party
Amazigh Moroccan Democratic Party
Democratic Independence Party Liberal Moroccan Party
Citizens' Forces Reform and Development Party National Congress Party

The Origins of American Politics

1) Describe the debate over the nature of government. Compare the viewpoints of
Jefferson vs Hamilton.

Jefferson wanted the government to use its power only when it was absolutely necessary. He trusted the people and wanted them to make their own decisions. He believed "It is better to risk too much liberty, than to suffer from too much government"(93)

Hamilton had a very different view. He thouhgt that the government should direct the American economy. He even created taxes just like the British used to do. He didn't have faith in the people which is why he didn't think they should make their own decisions.
2) What is a political party?

A political party is a group of people who want to win an election in order to control government policies and programs.
3) Describe John Adams presidency. What were some of the difficulties he faced?

He was president in a time where political party differences were growing. Plus he also faces the threat of war with france. However he took care of it by sending American negotiaters to France. Yet, when the french tried to bribe them , France and The U.S started to fight an undeclared war.
4) Outline the key events of Jeffersonʼs presidency.

Jefferson reduced the power of the government by cutting the size of federal bureaucracy and the army. He also cut down some of the taxes. He also had to face some controversy the Marbury vs Madison case. Before leaving office Adams appointed william Marbury as justice of the peace in culombia. But Jefferson told Madison (the secretary) not to deliver the official papers. This resulted in Marbury sueing Madison. The supreme court was against the Judiciary Act and said it was unconstitutional for the president to have the power to appoint someone justice of peace. This showed the power of the supreme court because they were able to do jusical reviews. During his term Jefferson also purchased territory from the French. He also supported the Lewis and Clark expedition. At the end of his term Jefferson passed the Embargo Act which restricted trade. The Act did not hurt its intended target but American traders. So, Jefferzson lost his popularity and was not reelected.

Suicide Car Bombs

Two suicide car bombs exploded sunday october 25 in Baghdad. They were targeting two government buildings.65 people were killed and 250 were injured. Two months ago suicude truck bombs exploded in front of the Finace and Foreign Ministeries in Baghdad. This attack had killed 112 people, may of them ministry employees. Sunday's attack is the latest and hopefully the last terrorist message.

Bill of Rights

1. Amendment 1: It is important because it gives people basic rights


2. Amendment 6: Gives everyone the right to defend themselves


3. Amendment 4: People should be safe in their own homes and be able to say no


4. Amendemnt 2: People should have the right to have guns


5. Amendment 8: people should be able to pay a bail to get out of prison


6. Amendment 5: People should have a right to be jugded by a grend jury


7. Amendment 9: People should have their own rights


8. Amendment 10: If you lice in different states laws may differ becuase each state is unique


9. Amendment 7: I dont really understand it


10. Amendmant 3: Does not happen in todays time

How the colonists defeated the english.

The first step in defeating the english was the colonists revolutionary ideas. Ideas that it was their right not to pay the taxes the English imposed them. One of the most important documents that included all these revloutionary ideas was known as the Declaration of independence. The tensions caused by these ideas resulted in a war betwen the colonies and England. This war was known as the Revolutionary War. Because of the Colonist determination they were able to win the war and defeat the English.

Vocabulary

My Order of Importance

1. Natural Theory: a theory that people have basic rights given to them by nature or God.
2. Self Determination: The right a nation has to be governed bu its people and not ler other nations influence her.
3. Popular sovreignity: The concept that the political and legislative power is given to the citizens
4. Social Agreement: An agreement where both the government and the community benefit.
5. Right to Revolution: The right citizens have to overthrow their government

Why?

I choose to put natural theory first because it is the basic rights. And I think everyone should have basic right and there should be no discrimmination. Then I put self determination because a country should be responsible for itself since it is the peole of that country who have to endure the consequences. I put Popular sovreignity for the same reason. Social agreement is more important than Right to rovolution because having everyone benifit cam help the nation not have to overthrow their government.

Migration

What are different reasons why Moroccans migrate away from Morocco?

The first reason why Moroccans migrate away from Morocco is to recieve a better education. Morocco is a very underdevelopped countrywhich means in morocco we do not have money to have a high class education. So, Some wealthy people decide to move to a different country where the education is better. Secondly, there are more job opportunities elsewhere as well as more buissness opportunities. Finally people migrate from morocco for university because the universities in Morocco are really limiting.

Using ESPRAT, what are possible different groups and what are their reasons?

The first group is people who are going to colleges or universities. Also to be able to live out of Morocco you have to be rich because most of the time life is a lot cheaper in Morocco than in other countries.

Who is migrating to Morocco? Why?

Most of the people who migrate to morocco are going because of their parents job. Their parents job is transfering them to Morocco somehow. also some people come because as I said earlier life is a lot cheaper her than in their country(probably).Some people come to discover the beauties and wonders of Morocco. These people cometo discover a new way of living.

Podcasts

Today I subscribed to a podcasr called twilight. It informs me about the twilight saga. For example it tells me about the movie , who are the actors starring in the movie what are the relaease dates for it etc. It also tells me about the twilight soundtrack what are the songs featured in the movie. Finalljy it tells me all I need to know to be to dateon the twilight phenomonon

Why is History Important?

1. History is important, because history repeats itself. So by learning about history we can learn from other's mistakes.


2. Also, history is interesting. There is always something new to learn in histrory .


3. Thirdly, by learning history we learn human nature and this helps us understand humankind better.


4. Also, History is part of our culture, it helps us understand who we are.


5. Finally history helps us evolve as individuals, as a community and as a living race.

So it is important that we all learn history because it will not only benifit us individullly but also humankind.

Colonization in Morocco

Morocco was colonized by french troups in the year 1912. This affected Morocco in a positive way because it intoduced Morocco to Western technology and ideas ( routes, trains,language....). The negative influence of the french colonization of Morocco is that even though the colonization of Morocco by the french ended in 1952, the impact of the colonization is still present today. For example, one of the most common language in Morocco is French. Many Moroccans go to french schools which have the french educational system. Finally, the colonization had both a positive and a negatice impact on Morocco.

ESPRAT+G

ESPRAT+G helps you understand Social Studies fully because it covers all the areas of social studies including, Economics, Sociology, Political Science, Religion, Arts, Technology and Geography. This website regroupes all this information together giving us a definition for every branch. As well as and overview and a commerce which is like a search engine to find more information on other sites as well.

Arrested for Wearing Trousers

A woman named Ms.Hussein was arrested in Sudan for wearing trousers. She was asked to pay a fine of about 200 dollars but refused because she wanted to be a test case for women rights. So she was arrested. Other women were also asked to pay a fine , but they just pleaded guilty and paid the fine. Some of these women were Christian and normally they are not subject to this law. Anyway Ms. Hussein was brave enough to stand up to the police and is an example for us.

Life Skills

There are three main life skills which will help you in your life as an adult. The first is responsibility because when you are irresponsible the consequences do not only affect you but your family and loved ones too. The second is that you have to be a good role model because your children look up to you. Finally, you have to be respectful, so your children do the same and grow up to be well mannered, polite human beings.

Why is Blogging good?

1. Both the students and the teachers learn from each other.
2. Motivates you to write more.
3. It is Fun!!
4. Teaches students to use a computer safely.
5. Helps students learn in a new way

My Goals

My goals for this year are that first I sucessfully finish my freshman year. Secondly I would like to always finish my homework in time. I would also like to participate and understand all my classes. I would also like to be prepered in every class.I would also like not to lose anything and finally I would like to have a great year.